APA Referencing Format

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                APA: American Psychological Association

(1.0) Referencing for the Project Paper, use the Manual of the American Psychological Association (also called APA referencing style). The APA Style is an authoritative procedure on all aspects of scholarly writing. The APA Style has been accepted as the writing style for academic documents such as journal articles, books, dissertations, theses, research reports, and others. The following are TIPS on how to use the APA Style for your Project Paper.

REFERENCES:

Journal Article - One Author:

Kleiber, C.. (2013). Adolescents' perception of music therapy following spinal fusion surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 414-421.

Journal Article - Two-Authors:

Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 221–243.

Journal article - Three-Authors

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.

Journal Article (Online):

Cohen, M. L. (2009) Choral Singing and Prison Inmates: Influences of Performing in a Prison Choir. Journal of Correctional Education, 60, 52-65. Retrieved from http://www.ceanational.org/Journal/

Book:

Shipley, W. C. (1986). Shipley Institute of Living Scale. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Chapter in Book:

Raz, N. (2000). Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), Handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 1–90). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Instrument:

Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Organization as Author:

American Psychological Association (2010). Report on Aging and Strategies on Helping the Elderly. Washington. D.C.

Unknown Author:

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: MerriamWebster.

Preface, Foreward, and Introduction:

If you want to cite from the Preface, Foreword, or Introduction in a book, do the same but state Preface, Foreword or Introduction - see example below:

Funk, R., & Kolln, M. (1998). Preface. In E. W. Ludlow (Ed.), Understanding English grammar (pp. ii). Needham, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

IN-TEXT CITATION

Short Quotations

Follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text.

If the work you are referring to a piece of work but NOT directly quoting the material, you only have to state the surname of the author and year of publication only - see examples below:

•  Example #1 - Steinberg (2002) found no significant differences between

.................

•  Example #2 - Males performed significantly better than female

.......................... (Steinberg, 2002).

If you are quoting exactly from a piece of work, you should state the name of the author, data of publication and the page number. The statement that is quoted should have double quotation marks in the beginning (") and the end (") - see examples below:

• Example # 1 - Steinberg (2002) stated that "males tended to perform better than

females because ....................." (p.34).

• Example # 2 - "It is still in conclusive whether men are better at spatial visualisation

tasks" (Steinberg, 2002, p.35).

Make sure all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the REFERENCE list at the end of the Project Paper.

Long Quotations

If your quotation is more than 40 words, you should omit the quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Maintain double-spacing throughout - see example below:

Research evidence suggests that females are better at paper folding tasks compared to males.

Steinberg (2002) suggested that this may be:

Due to females being better at tasks that involve 3-D processing compared to their male counterparts who are better at 2-D tasks. This phenomenon could be attributed to females being exposed to more 3-D task in their daily life (p. 37).